Embedded Systems Black Book Pdf Free Download [BEST]

Welcome to Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces (now version 1.00 -- seebook news for details), a free online operating systemsbook! The book is centered around three conceptual pieces that arefundamental to operating systems: virtualization, concurrency, and persistence. In understanding the conceptual, you will also learn thepractical, including how an operating system does things like schedule theCPU, manage memory, and store files persistently. Lots of fun stuff! Ormaybe not so fun?

Lulu Hardcover (v1.00): this may be the best printedform of the book (it really looks pretty good), but it is also the mostexpensive way to obtain the black book of operating systems (a.k.a. thecomet book or the asteroid book according to students). Now just: $38.00 Lulu Softcover (v1.00): this way is pretty great too,if you like to read printed material but want to save a few bucks. Now just:$22.00 AmazonSoftcover (v1.00): Same book as softcover above, but printed throughAmazon CreateSpace. Now just: $25.90 (but works with Prime shipping) Downloadable PDF (v1.00): this is a niceconvenience and adds things like a hyperlinked table of contents, index ofterms, lists of hints, tips, systems advice, and a few other things not seenin the free version, all in one massive DRM-free PDF. Once purchased, you willalways be able to get the latest version. Just: $10.00 Kindle: Really, just the PDF and doesnot include all the bells and whistles common in e-pub books.

New Partnership: We have a new partnership with Educative; they offer a way to take an OS course (based on OSTEP) through their platform at a low cost. However, don't worry: the book on this website is and will always remain free.

INSTRUCTORS: If you are using these free chapters, please just link tothem directly (instead of making a copy locally); we make little improvementsfrequently and thus would like to provide the latest to whomever is using it.Also: we have made our own class-preparation notes available to those of youteaching from this book; please drop us a line at remzi@cs.wisc.edu if youare interested.

PROJECTS: While the book should provide a good conceptual guide to keyaspects of modern operating systems, no education is complete withoutprojects. We are in the process of making the projects we use at theUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison widely available; an initial link to projectdescriptions is available here:PROJECTS. Comingsoon: the automated testing framework that we use to grade projects.

OTHER SYSTEMS BOOKS: Interested in other systems books? Good!Of course, we assume some background in The C Programming Language, so that's a good investment. And Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment is a must for any shelf. On top of that, here are some OS books that could be worth your time:Operating Systems: Principles and Practice-Operating System Concepts-Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles (8th Edition)-Modern Operating Systems (4th Edition)-Linux Kernel Development (3rd Edition)-Understanding the Linux Kernel-The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System-Solaris Internals: Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris Kernel Architecture-Mac OS X Internals: A Systems Approach-The Design of the UNIX Operating System-UNIX: The Textbook-The Linux Programming Interface: A Linux and UNIX System Programming Handbook.

Embedded and Real-Time Systems by KVKK Prasad Pdf free Download. The author clearly explains about this book by using simple language. This Embedded and Real-Time Systems book will useful to most of the students who were prepared for competitive exams.

This Embedded Real-Time Systems by KVKK Prasad book comprehensively covers the three main areas of the subject: concepts, design and programming. Information on the applications of the embedded/real-time systems are woven into almost every aspect discussed which of course is inevitable. Embedded and Real-Time Systems by KVKK Prasad Pdf free Download. Hardware architecture and the various hardware platforms, design & development, operating systems, programming in linux and rtlinux, navigation systems and protocol converter are discussed extensively. Special emphasis is given to embedded database and java applications, and embedded software development. · introduction to embedded systems · architecture of embedded systems · programming for embedded systems · the process of embedded system development · hardware platforms · communication interfaces · embedded/real-time operating system concepts · overview of embedded/real-time operating systems · target image creation · representative embedded systems · programming in linux · programming in rtlinux · development of navigation system · development of protocol converter · embedded database application · mobile java applications · Embedded and Real-Time Systems by KVKK Prasad Pdf free Download. embedded software development on 89c51 micro-controller platform · embedded software development on avr micro-controller platform · embedded systems applications using intel strongarm platform · future trends.

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.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button:hover, .elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button:focus, .elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button:active{box-shadow:0px 15px 25px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}@media all and (min-width: 1025px){.transparent-header .entry-hero .entry-hero-container-inner{padding-top:49px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.mobile-transparent-header .entry-hero .entry-hero-container-inner{padding-top:49px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.mobile-transparent-header .entry-hero .entry-hero-container-inner{padding-top:49px;}}.wp-site-blocks .entry-hero-container-inner{background:var(--global-palette9);}#colophon{background:#323a56;}.site-middle-footer-wrap .site-footer-row-container-inner{background:#323a56;font-style:normal;}.site-footer .site-middle-footer-wrap a:where(:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button)){color:var(--global-palette1);}.site-footer .site-middle-footer-wrap a:where(:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button)):hover{color:var(--global-palette1);}.site-middle-footer-inner-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:30px;grid-column-gap:0px;grid-row-gap:0px;}.site-middle-footer-inner-wrap .widget{margin-bottom:30px;}.site-middle-footer-inner-wrap .widget-area .widget-title{font-style:normal;font-weight:400;}.site-middle-footer-inner-wrap .site-footer-section:not(:last-child):after{right:calc(-0px / 2);}.site-top-footer-wrap .site-footer-row-container-inner{background:#323a56;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette4);border-bottom:0px none transparent;}.site-footer .site-top-footer-wrap a:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button){color:var(--global-palette1);}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-column-gap:0px;grid-row-gap:0px;}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .widget{margin-bottom:30px;}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .site-footer-section:not(:last-child):after{border-right:0px none transparent;right:calc(-0px / 2);}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.site-top-footer-wrap .site-footer-row-container-inner{border-bottom:1px none #323a56;}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .site-footer-section:not(:last-child):after{border-right:0px none transparent;}}.site-bottom-footer-wrap .site-footer-row-container-inner{background:var(--global-palette9);}.site-bottom-footer-inner-wrap{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:30px;grid-column-gap:30px;}.site-bottom-footer-inner-wrap .widget{margin-bottom:30px;}.site-bottom-footer-inner-wrap .site-footer-section:not(:last-child):after{right:calc(-30px / 2);}.footer-social-wrap{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.footer-social-wrap .footer-social-inner-wrap{font-size:1.28em;gap:0.3em;}.site-footer .site-footer-wrap .site-footer-section .footer-social-wrap .footer-social-inner-wrap .social-button{color:var(--global-palette9);border:2px none transparent;border-color:var(--global-palette9);border-radius:3px;}.site-footer .site-footer-wrap .site-footer-section .footer-social-wrap .footer-social-inner-wrap .social-button:hover{color:var(--global-palette9);border-color:var(--global-palette9);}#colophon .footer-html{font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette9);}#colophon .site-footer-row-container .site-footer-row .footer-html a{color:var(--global-palette9);}#kt-scroll-up-reader, #kt-scroll-up{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:var(--global-palette3);border-color:var(--global-palette4);bottom:30px;font-size:1.2em;padding:0.4em 0.4em 0.4em 0.4em;}#kt-scroll-up-reader.scroll-up-side-right, #kt-scroll-up.scroll-up-side-right{right:30px;}#kt-scroll-up-reader.scroll-up-side-left, #kt-scroll-up.scroll-up-side-left{left:30px;}#kt-scroll-up-reader:hover, #kt-scroll-up:hover{color:var(--global-palette2);border-color:var(--global-palette2);}#colophon .footer-navigation .footer-menu-container > ul > li > a{padding-left:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-right:calc(1.2em / 2);color:var(--global-palette5);}#colophon .footer-navigation .footer-menu-container > ul li a:hover{color:var(--global-palette-highlight);}#colophon .footer-navigation .footer-menu-container > ul li.current-menu-item > a{color:var(--global-palette3);}body.page{background:var(--global-palette9);}.entry-hero.page-hero-section .entry-header{min-height:200px;}.comment-metadata a:not(.comment-edit-link), .comment-body .edit-link:before{display:none;}.entry-hero.post-hero-section .entry-header{min-height:200px;}/* Kadence Header CSS */@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.mobile-transparent-header #masthead{position:absolute;left:0px;right:0px;z-index:100;}.kadence-scrollbar-fixer.mobile-transparent-header #masthead{right:var(--scrollbar-offset,0);}.mobile-transparent-header #masthead, .mobile-transparent-header .site-top-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner, .mobile-transparent-header .site-main-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner, .mobile-transparent-header .site-bottom-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner{background:transparent;}.site-header-row-tablet-layout-fullwidth, .site-header-row-tablet-layout-standard{padding:0px;}}@media all and (min-width: 1025px){.transparent-header #masthead{position:absolute;left:0px;right:0px;z-index:100;}.transparent-header.kadence-scrollbar-fixer #masthead{right:var(--scrollbar-offset,0);}.transparent-header #masthead, .transparent-header .site-top-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner, .transparent-header .site-main-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner, .transparent-header .site-bottom-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner{background:transparent;}}.site-branding a.brand img{max-width:135px;}.site-branding a.brand img.svg-logo-image{width:135px;}.site-branding{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}#masthead, #masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start):not(.site-header-row-container), #masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start) > .site-header-row-container-inner{background:#ffffff;}.site-main-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner{border-bottom:1px solid #cccccc;}.site-main-header-inner-wrap{min-height:49px;}.site-top-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner{background:var(--global-palette1);}.site-top-header-inner-wrap{min-height:0px;}.site-bottom-header-inner-wrap{min-height:0px;}#masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start):not(.site-header-row-container):not(.item-hidden-above), #masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start):not(.item-hidden-above) > .site-header-row-container-inner{background:var(--global-palette9);}#masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start) .site-branding .site-title, #masthead .kadence-sticky-header.item-is-fixed:not(.item-at-start) .site-branding .site-description{color:var(--global-palette3);}.header-navigation[class*="header-navigation-style-underline"] .header-menu-container.primary-menu-container>ul>li>a:after{width:calc( 100% - 2em);}.main-navigation .primary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a{padding-left:calc(2em / 2);padding-right:calc(2em / 2);padding-top:0em;padding-bottom:0em;color:#4a5568;}.main-navigation .primary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > .dropdown-nav-special-toggle{right:calc(2em / 2);}.main-navigation .primary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a:hover{color:#000000;}.main-navigation .primary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item.current-menu-item > a{color:#1a202c;}.header-navigation[class*="header-navigation-style-underline"] .header-menu-container.secondary-menu-container>ul>li>a:after{width:calc( 100% - 1.2em);}.secondary-navigation .secondary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a{padding-left:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-right:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-top:0.6em;padding-bottom:0.6em;color:var(--global-palette9);background:var(--global-palette9);}.secondary-navigation .primary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > .dropdown-nav-special-toggle{right:calc(1.2em / 2);}.secondary-navigation .secondary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a:hover{color:#323a56;background:#323a56;}.secondary-navigation .secondary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item.current-menu-item > a{color:#323a56;background:#323a56;}.header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul.sub-menu, .header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul.submenu{background:#1a202c;box-shadow:0px 2px 13px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}.header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul li.menu-item, .header-menu-container ul.menu > li.kadence-menu-mega-enabled > ul > li.menu-item > a{border-bottom:1px none rgba(255,255,255,0.1);}.header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul li.menu-item > a{width:100px;padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:4px;color:var(--global-palette8);font-style:normal;font-size:15px;}.header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul li.menu-item > a:hover{color:var(--global-palette9);background:#323a56;}.header-navigation .header-menu-container ul ul li.menu-item.current-menu-item > a{color:var(--global-palette9);background:#2d3748;}.mobile-toggle-open-container .menu-toggle-open{color:var(--global-palette3);padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em;font-size:14px;}.mobile-toggle-open-container .menu-toggle-open.menu-toggle-style-bordered{border:1px solid currentColor;}.mobile-toggle-open-container .menu-toggle-open .menu-toggle-icon{font-size:29px;}.mobile-toggle-open-container .menu-toggle-open:hover, .mobile-toggle-open-container .menu-toggle-open:focus{color:#087deb;}.mobile-navigation ul li{font-size:14px;}.mobile-navigation ul li a{padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;}.mobile-navigation ul li > a, .mobile-navigation ul li.menu-item-has-children > .drawer-nav-drop-wrap{color:#f7fafc;}.mobile-navigation ul li > a:hover, .mobile-navigation ul li.menu-item-has-children > .drawer-nav-drop-wrap:hover{color:var(--global-palette9);}.mobile-navigation ul li.current-menu-item > a, .mobile-navigation ul li.current-menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .drawer-nav-drop-wrap{color:var(--global-palette9);}.mobile-navigation ul li.menu-item-has-children .drawer-nav-drop-wrap, .mobile-navigation ul li:not(.menu-item-has-children) a{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);}.mobile-navigation:not(.drawer-navigation-parent-toggle-true) ul li.menu-item-has-children .drawer-nav-drop-wrap button{border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);}#mobile-drawer .drawer-inner, #mobile-drawer.popup-drawer-layout-fullwidth.popup-drawer-animation-slice .pop-portion-bg, #mobile-drawer.popup-drawer-layout-fullwidth.popup-drawer-animation-slice.pop-animated.show-drawer .drawer-inner{background:#323a56;}#mobile-drawer .drawer-header .drawer-toggle{padding:0.6em 0.15em 0.6em 0.15em;font-size:24px;}#mobile-drawer .drawer-header .drawer-toggle, #mobile-drawer .drawer-header .drawer-toggle:focus{color:var(--global-palette9);}#mobile-drawer .drawer-header .drawer-toggle:hover, #mobile-drawer .drawer-header .drawer-toggle:focus:hover{color:#0887fc;}#main-header .header-button{color:var(--global-palette9);background:var(--global-palette9);border:2px none transparent;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0);}#main-header .header-button:hover{color:#323a56;background:#323a56;box-shadow:0px 15px 25px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}.header-social-wrap .header-social-inner-wrap{font-size:1em;gap:0.3em;}.header-social-wrap .header-social-inner-wrap .social-button{border:2px none transparent;border-radius:3px;}.header-mobile-social-wrap .header-mobile-social-inner-wrap{font-size:1em;gap:0.3em;}.header-mobile-social-wrap .header-mobile-social-inner-wrap .social-button{border:2px none transparent;border-radius:3px;}.search-toggle-open-container .search-toggle-open{color:var(--global-palette5);}.search-toggle-open-container .search-toggle-open.search-toggle-style-bordered{border:1px solid currentColor;}.search-toggle-open-container .search-toggle-open .search-toggle-icon{font-size:1em;}.search-toggle-open-container .search-toggle-open:hover, .search-toggle-open-container .search-toggle-open:focus{color:var(--global-palette-highlight);}#search-drawer .drawer-inner{background:rgba(9, 12, 16, 0.97);}.mobile-header-button-wrap .mobile-header-button-inner-wrap .mobile-header-button{border:2px none transparent;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0);}.mobile-header-button-wrap .mobile-header-button-inner-wrap .mobile-header-button:hover{box-shadow:0px 15px 25px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}/* Kadence Pro Header CSS */.header-navigation-dropdown-direction-left ul ul.submenu, .header-navigation-dropdown-direction-left ul ul.sub-menu{right:0px;left:auto;}.rtl .header-navigation-dropdown-direction-right ul ul.submenu, .rtl .header-navigation-dropdown-direction-right ul ul.sub-menu{left:0px;right:auto;}.header-account-button .nav-drop-title-wrap > .kadence-svg-iconset, .header-account-button > .kadence-svg-iconset{font-size:1.2em;}.site-header-item .header-account-button .nav-drop-title-wrap, .site-header-item .header-account-wrap > .header-account-button{display:flex;align-items:center;}.header-account-style-icon_label .header-account-label{padding-left:5px;}.header-account-style-label_icon .header-account-label{padding-right:5px;}.site-header-item .header-account-wrap .header-account-button{text-decoration:none;box-shadow:none;color:inherit;background:transparent;padding:0.6em 0em 0.6em 0em;}.header-mobile-account-wrap .header-account-button .nav-drop-title-wrap > .kadence-svg-iconset, .header-mobile-account-wrap .header-account-button > .kadence-svg-iconset{font-size:1.2em;}.header-mobile-account-wrap .header-account-button .nav-drop-title-wrap, .header-mobile-account-wrap > .header-account-button{display:flex;align-items:center;}.header-mobile-account-wrap.header-account-style-icon_label .header-account-label{padding-left:5px;}.header-mobile-account-wrap.header-account-style-label_icon .header-account-label{padding-right:5px;}.header-mobile-account-wrap .header-account-button{text-decoration:none;box-shadow:none;color:inherit;background:transparent;padding:0.6em 0em 0.6em 0em;}#login-drawer .drawer-inner .drawer-content{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;position:absolute;top:0px;bottom:0px;left:0px;right:0px;padding:0px;}#loginform p label{display:block;}#login-drawer #loginform{width:100%;}#login-drawer #loginform input{width:100%;}#login-drawer #loginform input[type="checkbox"]{width:auto;}#login-drawer .drawer-inner .drawer-header{position:relative;z-index:100;}#login-drawer .drawer-content_inner.widget_login_form_inner{padding:2em;width:100%;max-width:350px;border-radius:.25rem;background:var(--global-palette9);color:var(--global-palette4);}#login-drawer .lost_password a{color:var(--global-palette6);}#login-drawer .lost_password, #login-drawer .register-field{text-align:center;}#login-drawer .widget_login_form_inner p{margin-top:1.2em;margin-bottom:0em;}#login-drawer .widget_login_form_inner p:first-child{margin-top:0em;}#login-drawer .widget_login_form_inner label{margin-bottom:0.5em;}#login-drawer hr.register-divider{margin:1.2em 0;border-width:1px;}#login-drawer .register-field{font-size:90%;}.tertiary-navigation .tertiary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a{padding-left:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-right:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-top:0.6em;padding-bottom:0.6em;color:var(--global-palette5);}.tertiary-navigation .tertiary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a:hover{color:var(--global-palette-highlight);}.tertiary-navigation .tertiary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item.current-menu-item > a{color:var(--global-palette3);}.quaternary-navigation .quaternary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a{padding-left:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-right:calc(1.2em / 2);padding-top:0.6em;padding-bottom:0.6em;color:var(--global-palette5);}.quaternary-navigation .quaternary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item > a:hover{color:var(--global-palette-highlight);}.quaternary-navigation .quaternary-menu-container > ul > li.menu-item.current-menu-item > a{color:var(--global-palette3);}#main-header .header-divider{border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette6);height:50%;}#main-header .header-divider2{border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette6);height:50%;}#main-header .header-divider3{border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette6);height:50%;}#mobile-header .header-mobile-divider{border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette6);height:50%;}#mobile-header .header-mobile-divider2{border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette6);height:50%;}.header-item-search-bar form ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:currentColor;opacity:0.5;}.header-item-search-bar form ::placeholder{color:currentColor;opacity:0.5;}.header-search-bar form{max-width:100%;width:240px;}.header-mobile-search-bar form{max-width:calc(100vw - var(--global-sm-spacing) - var(--global-sm-spacing));width:240px;}.header-widget-lstyle-normal .header-widget-area-inner a:not(.button){text-decoration:underline;}.element-contact-inner-wrap{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;margin-top:-0.6em;margin-left:calc(-0.6em / 2);margin-right:calc(-0.6em / 2);}.element-contact-inner-wrap .header-contact-item{display:inline-flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;margin-top:0.6em;margin-left:calc(0.6em / 2);margin-right:calc(0.6em / 2);}.element-contact-inner-wrap .header-contact-item .kadence-svg-iconset{font-size:1em;}.header-contact-item img{display:inline-block;}.header-contact-item .contact-label{margin-left:0.3em;}.rtl .header-contact-item .contact-label{margin-right:0.3em;margin-left:0px;}.header-mobile-contact-wrap .element-contact-inner-wrap{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;margin-top:-0.6em;margin-left:calc(-0.6em / 2);margin-right:calc(-0.6em / 2);}.header-mobile-contact-wrap .element-contact-inner-wrap .header-contact-item{display:inline-flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;margin-top:0.6em;margin-left:calc(0.6em / 2);margin-right:calc(0.6em / 2);}.header-mobile-contact-wrap .element-contact-inner-wrap .header-contact-item .kadence-svg-iconset{font-size:1em;}#main-header .header-button2{border:2px none transparent;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0);}#main-header .header-button2:hover{box-shadow:0px 15px 25px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}.mobile-header-button2-wrap .mobile-header-button-inner-wrap .mobile-header-button2{border:2px none transparent;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0);}.mobile-header-button2-wrap .mobile-header-button-inner-wrap .mobile-header-button2:hover{box-shadow:0px 15px 25px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}#widget-drawer.popup-drawer-layout-fullwidth .drawer-content .header-widget2, #widget-drawer.popup-drawer-layout-sidepanel .drawer-inner{max-width:400px;}#widget-drawer.popup-drawer-layout-fullwidth .drawer-content .header-widget2{margin:0 auto;}.widget-toggle-open{display:flex;align-items:center;background:transparent;box-shadow:none;}.widget-toggle-open:hover, .widget-toggle-open:focus{border-color:currentColor;background:transparent;box-shadow:none;}.widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-icon{display:flex;}.widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-label{padding-right:5px;}.rtl .widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-label{padding-left:5px;padding-right:0px;}.widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-label:empty, .rtl .widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-label:empty{padding-right:0px;padding-left:0px;}.widget-toggle-open-container .widget-toggle-open{color:var(--global-palette5);padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em;font-size:14px;}.widget-toggle-open-container .widget-toggle-open.widget-toggle-style-bordered{border:1px solid currentColor;}.widget-toggle-open-container .widget-toggle-open .widget-toggle-icon{font-size:20px;}.widget-toggle-open-container .widget-toggle-open:hover, .widget-toggle-open-container .widget-toggle-open:focus{color:var(--global-palette-highlight);}#widget-drawer .header-widget-2style-normal a:not(.button){text-decoration:underline;}#widget-drawer .header-widget-2style-plain a:not(.button){text-decoration:none;}#widget-drawer .header-widget2 .widget-title{color:var(--global-palette9);}#widget-drawer .header-widget2{color:var(--global-palette8);}#widget-drawer .header-widget2 a:not(.button), #widget-drawer .header-widget2 .drawer-sub-toggle{color:var(--global-palette8);}#widget-drawer .header-widget2 a:not(.button):hover, #widget-drawer .header-widget2 .drawer-sub-toggle:hover{color:var(--global-palette9);}#mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li{font-size:14px;}#mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li a{padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;}#mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li > a, #mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li.menu-item-has-children > .drawer-nav-drop-wrap{color:var(--global-palette8);}#mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li.current-menu-item > a, #mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li.current-menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .drawer-nav-drop-wrap{color:var(--global-palette-highlight);}#mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li.menu-item-has-children .drawer-nav-drop-wrap, #mobile-secondary-site-navigation ul li:not(.menu-item-has-children) a{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);}#mobile-secondary-site-navigation:not(.drawer-navigation-parent-toggle-true) ul li.menu-item-has-children .drawer-nav-drop-wrap button{border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id_d95041-52 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{background-color:#edf2f7;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;box-shadow:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 14px 0px;max-width:500px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id_d95041-52 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id_d95041-52 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id_d95041-52 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id_d95041-52 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id_d95041-52 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id_d95041-52 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:#edf2f7;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29 .kt-accordion-panel-inner {background:#ffffff;border-width:0px 1px 1px 1px;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29 .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header {color:#444444;background:#ffffff;border-color:#eeeeee #eeeeee #eeeeee #eeeeee;font-size:18px;line-height:24px;font-weight:bold;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;padding-top:14px;padding-right:16px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:16px;margin-top:10px;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29 .kt-blocks-accordion-header .kt-btn-svg-icon svg {width:18px;height:18px;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before {background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger {background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before {background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus {color:#444444;background:#ffffff;border-color:#d4d4d4 #d4d4d4 #d4d4d4 #d4d4d4;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before {background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger {background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before {background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active {color:#444444;background:#ffffff;border-color:#eeeeee #eeeeee #eeeeee #0e9cd1;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before {background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger {background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id_36ad06-29:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before {background:#ffffff;}:root{--lasso-main: #5e36ca !important;--lasso-title: black !important;--lasso-button: #22baa0 !important;--lasso-secondary-button: #22baa0 !important;--lasso-button-text: white !important;--lasso-background: white !important;--lasso-pros: #22baa0 !important;--lasso-cons: #e06470 !important;}// Notice how this gets configured before we load Font Awesomewindow.FontAwesomeConfig = { autoReplaceSvg: false }body {--global-body-font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;}.content-wrap .entry img,.content-wrap .entry p img { margin: 0 auto;}hr{border-bottom:none;}hr{border-top: 1px solid #eee;margin-top: 20px !important;}.entry-content a:hover {background: #ffec54;}a{text-decoration:none;}table{border-spacing: 0 !important;border:0;border-collapse: collapse;}td{padding: 0.5rem;}th{padding: 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1px solid #c7e0ec;border-radius: 0.1875rem;border-top-left-radius: 3px;border-top-right-radius: 3px;box-sizing: inherit;color: #3a87ad;list-style: outside none none;margin: 1.5rem 0px;margin-bottom: 1.5rem;padding: 0.938rem;text-shadow: none;}.alert-info a{color: #2d6987; font-weight: bold;}body p{ margin: 0 0 1.3rem 0 !important;}.review-border{border:1px solid #eee;}h1 a, h2 a, h3 a, h4 a, h5 a, h6 a{color: #0556f3;}.alert.alert-warning { background-color: #f8f4ec;border: 1px solid #eee4d2;border-radius: 0.1875rem;box-sizing: inherit;color: #c09853;list-style: outside none none;margin: 1.5rem 0px;margin-bottom: 1.5rem;padding: 0.938rem;text-shadow: none;}.alert-warning a{ color: #6c5328; font-weight: bold;}code{background-color: #f7f7f7;color: #9c1d3d;padding: 2px 4px;border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);font-size: 1rem;border-radius: 0.1875rem;}.button1 { background: #2f81ff; color: #fff!important; font-size: 14px; padding: 8px 13px; text-align: center; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap;}ul, ol, dl { margin-top: 1.5rem !important; margin-bottom: 1.5rem !important;}img{display: inline-block;}h1{margin-top: 10px !important;}h2, h3, h4, h5{margin: 1.5rem 0 0.75rem 0 !important;}.with-ribbon {position: relative;}.with-ribbon figcaption {position: absolute;right: 0;top: 0;padding: 10px;display: inline-block;color: #fff;background: red;}.nav-link-center { order: 1;}.nav-previous { order: 0;}.nav-next { order: 2;}.single-content h2:first-child{ margin-top: 0px !important;}.single-content h3{margin-top: 0px;}.single-content h2{margin-top: 0px !important;}.entry-content{margin-top: 0px !important;}.entry-meta{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}.entry-header{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}.tool-sticky th{border:1px solid #eee !important;background: #ffe !important;}.tool-sticky td{border: 1px solid #eee !important;}.tool-sticky tbody tr:nth-child(2n+1) td{background: #fff;}.button1 { background: #2f81ff; color: #fff!important; font-size: 14px; padding: 8px 13px; text-align: center; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap;}th{background: #f2f2f2;}@media only screen and (max-width: 1023px) {table {display: block;overflow: scroll;overflow-x: auto;overflow-y: auto;}}.pagenav{ background: #df5035; font-size: 1rem; border-radius: 5px; border: 0px; padding: 0.8rem 1rem;color:#fff;}.comment-navigation .nav-previous:after, .post-navigation .nav-previous:after{ position: inherit;}.header-menu-container ul.menu>li.kadence-menu-mega-columns-3>ul.sub-menu { grid-template-columns: 30% 30% 30%; }.single-post .entry-header {margin-bottom: 0px !important;}.comment-navigation .nav-links, .post-navigation .nav-links {display: flex !important;flex-flow: row !important;justify-content: space-between !important;}.site-header-row {display: flex !important;justify-content: space-evenly;}.header-navigation ul {margin: 0 !important;}.header-menu-container ul.menu>li.kadence-menu-mega-width-custom>ul.sub-menu {transition-duration: .5s !important;}@media (max-width: 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li>a{color:#0556f3;}div.w3-container.w3-half { box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 100%;}div.w3-row.w3-border::after { clear: both;content: "";display: table;}div.w3-row.w3-border::before { clear: both;content: "";display: table;}@media (min-width: 601px) { div.w3-container.w3-half { width: 50%;}}.top-pros{background:green;color:#FFF;margin-right: 10px !important;padding:5px;}.top-cons{background:darkred;color:#FFF;margin-left: 10px !important;padding:5px;}.entry-content a.nohover:hover {background: transparent;}div.lasso-grid-row .lasso-description {min-height: 10px;}div.lasso-grid-row .lasso-badge {color: #fff;background:#5e36ca !important;}div.lasso-grid-row .lasso-description {font-size: 20px;}.lasso-grid-row .lasso-splash .lasso-title { min-height: 10px;}a.lasso-button-1{background: #2f81ff !important;}@media screen and (max-width: 1200px){div.lasso-grid-row .lasso-description { min-height: 10px !important;}}.hilr { background-color: #ffb1b5 !important;}.hilb { background-color: #c1f7ff !important;}.hilight { background-color: yellow !important;}a:hover.button1 {background: #2f81ff !important;}.header-menu-container ul.menu>li.menu-item-has-children>ul.sub-menu {visibility: hidden !important;}.header-menu-container ul.menu>li.menu-item-has-children>ul.sub-menu.show { visibility: visible !important; opacity: 1; clip: auto; height: auto; overflow: visible;}.lasso-badge{z-index: 10;}.header-menu-container ul.menu>li.kadence-menu-mega-enabled>ul a { width: 100% !important;}@media (max-width: 500px) {.entry-meta-divider-customicon span.meta-label {display: none;}}@media (max-width: 1024px) {.primary-sidebar.widget-area{display: none;}}.toolbutton {background: #f68700 !important;border-radius: 1000px;padding: 10px 27px;color: #ffffff !important;display: inline-block;font-weight: bold;font-size: 27px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;}a:hover.toolbutton {background: #ff9f00 !important;color: #ffffff !important;}.site-main-header-wrap .site-header-row-container-inner {border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;}.box12{border: 0.3px solid #eee; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 8px; padding-top: 10px; padding-left: 15px; line-height: 1.8em; background: #F6FCFF;}div.w3-topta-container1.w3-topta-half1 { box-sizing: border-box;float: left;width: 100%;border: 1px solid #e0def5;margin: 5px;border-radius: 15px;padding: 10px;background-color: #f2f1fb;}div.w3-topta-row1.w3-topta-border1::after { clear: both;content: "";display: table;}div.w3-topta-row1.w3-topta-border1::before { clear: both;content: "";display: table;}@media (min-width: 766px) { div.w3-topta-container1.w3-topta-half1 { width: 18.5%;}}@media (min-width: 766px) { div.topta-lastbox { width: 19% !important;}}.topta-button2 { background: #2f81ff !important; color: #fff!important; font-size: 18px; padding: 10px 50px; text-align: center; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap;border-radius: 1000px;}@media only screen and (min-width: 767px) and (max-width: 1023px) 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The software interface consists of two parts. The left part will display the document chapter, and right is a browser to show document content. 2b1af7f3a8

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